- Scientific Name: Toona ciliata M.Roem.
- Ref: Syn. Monogr. 1:139. 1846
- Synonyms:
- Cedrela brevipetiolulata Haines
- C. hainesii C.DC.
- C. hexandra Wall.
- C. kingii C.DC.
- C. mannii C.DC.
- C. microcarpa C.DC.
- C. mollis Hand.-Mazz.
- C. multijuga Kurz
- C. serrulata Miq.
- C. teysmannii Hassk.
- C. toona Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.
- C. velutina DC.
- Surenus australis Kuntze
- S. microcarpa Kuntze
- S. serrulata (Miq.) Kuntze
- S. teysmannii (Hassk.) Kuntze
- S. toona (Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.) Kuntze
- Swietenia toona (Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.) Stokes
- Toona australis (Kuntze) Harms
- T. febrifuga var. cochinchinensis Pierre
- T. febrifuga var. griffithiana Pierre
- T. hainesii (C.DC.) Harms
- T. hexandra (Wall.) M.Roem.
- T. kingii (C.DC.) Harms
- T. mannii (C.DC.) Harms
- T. microcarpa (C.DC.) Harms
- T. microcarpa var. pilipetala (C.DC.) Bahadur
- T. mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) A.Chev.
- T. serrulata (Miq.) Harms
- T. sureni var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) Bahadur
- T. sureni var. teysmannii (Hassk.) Bahadur
- T. ternatensis (Miq.) Bahadur
- T. velutina (DC.) M.Roem.
- T. villosa M. Roem.
- English Common Name: red cedar, Australian red cedar, Burma cedar, Indian cedar, Moulmein cedar, Queensland red cedar
- Chinese Common Name: 红椿 hóngchūn
- Japanese Common Name: オーストラリアチャンチン [オーストラリア香椿/濠太刺利香椿] ōsutorariachanchin
- Family: Meliaceae
- Genus: Toona
- Distribution: Common to abundant in shade or open habitats: valleys, ravines, woods, thickets, forests, hillsides, mountaintops, slopes, near rivers and streams especially throughout Yunnan; 400-2800 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E Australia, W Pacific islands].
Trees, medium sized to 30 m tall; trunk to 22 m tall, to 1.5 m d.b.h., with or without buttresses (to 3.5 m); crown usually rounded and spreading, occasionally dense. Bark grayish white to brown, usually fissured and flaking; inner bark brown to reddish, fibrous; sap-wood white, pink, or red, smelling strongly of cedar when cut. Twigs pilose to glabrescent, inconspicuously lenticellate with small lenticels. Leaves (15-)26-69 cm; petiole 6-11 cm, glabrous or pilose; rachis often reddish, glabrous or sparsely pilose, occasionally velutinous; leaflets usually (5-)9-15 pairs; petiolules 2-10(-14) mm, glabrescent, rarely pilose to velutinous; leaflet blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (7-)9-12.8(-16) × (2.2-)3.2-5(-6) cm, glabrescent with trichomes on apical midvein or absent or sparse, occasionally moderately pilose, base usually asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences to 55 cm, pendent; rachis pilose to pilose-villous with short to long spreading or appressed trichomes. Flowers 3.5-5(-6) mm, sweetly scented. Pedicel 0.5-1 mm, usually pilose to occasionally villous. Calyx 0.7-1.3 mm, outside usually glabrescent, lobes imbricate; sepals spatulate, (0.4-)0.7-1 × (0.5-)0.7-1.3 mm, margins shortly ciliate. Petals white to creamy white, 3.5-5.8 × 1.3-3.1 mm, usually glabrescent, occasionally outside pilose, margin shortly ciliate. Androgynophore (1.7-)3-4.9(-5.5) mm; filaments 1.2-2.5 mm (male flowers), 0.7-1.8 mm (female flowers), glabrous to pilose/villous; anthers of male flowers 0.6-1.1 × 0.4-0.9 mm, apex usually apiculate, often with long appendage; antherodes of female flowers usually sagittate, 0.5-0.9 × 0.3-0.6 mm, often with a long apiculate appendage. Disk reddish orange, 1.2-2.5 mm in diam., densely pilose. Ovary 1.2-1.8 mm in diam., moderately pilose, with to 8 ovules per locule; style 1.2-3 × 0.2-0.4 mm (male), 0.3-1.5 × 0.3-0.5 mm (female), glabrous; stylehead 0.7-1.3 mm in diam. Capsule 1.5-2(-2.5) cm; columella 1.5-2(-2.4) × 0.5-0.7(-1) cm, concave with apical scarring; valves red to reddish brown, smooth to lenticellate with 0.1-0.5 mm in diam. scattered lenticels. Seeds 1.1-1.9 cm × 2.5-4(-5.8) mm, winged at both ends; wings unequal, apex narrowly obtuse; seed body 5-7 × 1.2-3 mm. Fl. Jan-Jun, fr. Feb-Nov. (Flora of China)
