• Scientific Name: Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.
• Ref: Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9:713. 1876
• Synonyms:
  • Aceranthus macrophyllus Blume ex K.Koch
  • A. sagittatus Siebold & Zucc.
  • A. triphyllus K.Koch
  • Epimedium ikariso Siebold ex Regel
  • E. sagittatum var. glabratum T.S.Ying
  • E. sinense Siebold ex Miq.
• English Common Name: barrenwort, bishop’s hat, fairy wings, horny goat weed
• Chinese Common Name: 三枝九叶草 sānzhī∙jiǔyè cǎo, 淫羊藿 yínyáng∙huò
• Japanese Common Name: ホザキノイカリソウ [穂咲の碇草] hozakinoikarisō
• Family: Berberidaceae
• Genus: Epimedium
• Distribution: Forests, weedy places on slopes, thickets, streamsides, rock crevices; 200-1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
• Photo: Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing, Jiangsu

Herbs, 30-50 cm tall. Rhizome short, stout, nodose, with numerous fibrous roots. Leaves basal and cauline, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-19 × 3-8 cm, leathery, abaxially sparsely strigose or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, base deeply or shallowly cordate, apex acute or acuminate, terminal leaflet with equal rounded lobes or oblong, lateral leaflets oblique with outer lobe large, deltoid and acute, inner lobe smaller and rounded, margin closely spinulose-subserrulate. Flowering stem with 2 opposite trifoliolate leaves. Panicle 10-20(-30) × 2-4 cm, 20-60-flowered, sometimes with lower peduncles 3-flowered, usually glabrous, occasionally scarcely glandular pubescent. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Flowers white or yellow, ca. 8 mm or less in diam. Outer sepals 4, purple spotted, apex blunt, outer pair narrowly ovate, ca. 3.5 × 1.5 mm, inner pair oblong-ovate, ca. 4.5 × 2 mm; inner sepals white, ovate-deltoid, ca. 4 × 2 mm, apex acute. Petals brownish yellow, saccate, 1.5-4 mm, blunt. Stamens prolonged, 3-5 mm; anthers 2-3 mm. Pistil ca. 3 mm; style longer than ovary. Capsules ca. 1 cm; style ca. 6 mm. Fl. (unknown in var. glabratum) Apr-May, fr. (Apr-)May-Jul. 2n = 12*. (Flora of China)