向日葵 Helianthus annuus

  • Scientific Name: Helianthus annuus L.
  • Ref: Sp. Pl. 2:904. 1753
  • Synonym: Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri (Heiser) Heiser, H. annuus subsp. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) Cockerell, H. annuus var. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) Steyermark, H. annuus var. macrocarpus (Candolle) Cockerell, H. annuus subsp. texanus Heiser, H. aridus Rydberg, H. jaegeri Heiser, H. lenticularis Douglas ex Lindley, H. macrocarpus Candolle
  • Chinese Common Name: 向日葵 xiàngrìkuí
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Genus: Helianthus
  • Distribution: Open areas. Widely cultivated in China [native to North America].
  • Photo: 08/07/2018, Zhaosu, Xinjiang
Annuals, 100-300 cm. Stems erect, usually hispid. Leaves mostly cauline, mostly alternate; petiole 2-20 cm; blade ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 10-40 × 5-40 cm, abaxially usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted, base cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margin serrate. Capitula 1-9; peduncles 2-20 cm; involucres hemispheric or broader, 15-40(-200) mm in diam.; phyllaries 20-30(-100), ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 13-25 × (3-)5-8 mm, abaxially usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted, margin usually ciliate, apex abruptly narrowed, long acuminate; paleae 9-11 mm, 3-toothed, middle teeth long acuminate, glabrous or hispid. Ray florets (13-)17-30(-100+); lamina 25-50 mm. Disk florets 150-1000; corollas 5-8 mm, throats bulbous at bases, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark. Achenes (3-)4-5(-15) mm, glabrate; pappus of 2 lanceolate scales 2-3.5 mm plus 0-4 obtuse scales 0.5-1 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 34. (Flora of China)

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