• Scientific Name: Cardamine macrophylla Willd.
• Ref: Sp. Pl. 3:484. 1800
• English Common Name: large-leaf bittercress
• Chinese Common Name: 大叶碎米荠 dàyè suìmǐ∙jì
• Family: Brassicaceae
• Genus: Cardamine
• Distribution: Damp forests, river banks, tundra, rock crevices, meadows, damp woodlands, thickets, streamsides, valleys, ravines, mountain slopes, among boulders; 500-4200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim].
• Photo: 07/14/2009, Mt. Taibai, Qinling

Highly variable, especially in leaflet number, shape, size, base, and margin. Herbs perennial, (20-)30-95(-115) cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, not scaly, slender or stout and with tuberous knots, 2-10(-30) mm in diam., not stoloniferous. Stems stout or slender, erect, simple or rarely branched above, glabrous, hirsute, or pilose. Rhizomal leaves (4-)10-40(-50) cm; petiole (1-)3-20(-25) cm; terminal leaflet lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate, (1-)2-15(-25) × (0.5-)1-3.5(-5) cm, sessile or petiolulate, base cuneate, margin serrate, crenate, dentate, or rarely 3-5-lobed, apex acuminate, acute, or subobtuse; lateral leaflets (1 or)2-6 pairs, similar to terminal but smaller. Cauline leaves 3-12(-18); petiole (1-)2-5(-6.5) cm, not auriculate at base; terminal leaflet narrowly ovate, lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, rarely obovate or lanceolate-linear, (2-)4-12(-20) × 1-4(-5) cm, glabrous or pubescent, sessile or on a petiolule to 1 cm, base cuneate, margin ciliolate and crenate, serrate, or serrulate, rarely subentire or doubly serrate, apex acute, rarely acuminate; lateral leaflets 2-7(-11) pairs, sessile or petiolulate, base cuneate or obliquely decurrent, similar to but slightly smaller than terminal leaflet. Racemes 10-30-flowered. Fruiting pedicels ascending or rarely divaricate, (0.3-)0.8-2.5(-3.1) cm, straight, stout. Sepals oblong, 3.5-6.5(-8) × 1.5-3 mm. Petals purple or lilac, obovate or spatulate, (0.8-)1-1.7 cm × 3.5-8 mm, apex rounded or rarely subemarginate. Median filament pairs 7-9(-11) mm, lateral pair 6-7 mm; anthers oblong, 1-2(-2.5) mm. Ovules 8-12(-16) per ovary. Fruit linear, (2.2-)2.5-6(-7) cm × 1.5-2.5(-3) mm; gynophore 0.5-3 mm; valves smooth, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; style (1-)2-6.5(-9) mm. Seeds brown, ovoid or oblong, (1.5-)2-3(-4) × 1-1.7(-2) mm. Fl. (Mar-) Apr-Oct, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 64, 80, 96. (Flora of China)

07/29/2012, Mt. Jiajin, Sichuan

07/29/2012, Mt. Jiajin, Sichuan

07/29/2012, Mt. Jiajin, Sichuan