- Scientific Name: Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.
- Ref: Index Sem. Hort. Dorpat. 2. 1824
- Synonyms:
- Barbarea americana Rydb.
- B. apoiensis Nakai
- B. cochlearifolia H.Boissieu
- B. hondoensis Nakai
- B. orthoceras var. dolichocarpa Fernald
- B. orthoceras subsp. dolichocarpa (Fernald) Piper & Beattie
- B. patens H.Boissieu
- B. sibirica (Regel) Nakai
- Campe americana (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels
- C. orthoceras (Ledeb.) A.Heller
- C. orthoceras var. dolichocarpa (Fernald) Gilkey
- Sisymbrium japonicum H.Boissieu
- English Common Name: American yellowrocket
- Chinese Common Name: 山芥 shānjiè, 山芥菜 shān∙jiècài
- Japanese Common Name: ヤマガラシ [山芥子/山辛子] yamagarashi
- Family: Brassicaceae
- Genus: Barbarea
- Distribution: Open grasslands, scree, temperate mixed forests, river and streamsides, moist grassy slopes; 400-2100 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Taiwan, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; North America].
- Photo: 04/27/2013, Qingliang Peak, Zhejiang
Herbs biennial or perennial, (10-)20-60(-100) cm tall. Stems erect, angled, glabrous throughout. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves petiolate; petiole (0.5-)1-5(-7) cm, glabrous or rarely ciliate basally; leaf blade (1-)1.5-4(-6) cm, lyrate-pinnatifid, with (1 or)2-4(-6) lobes on each side of rachis, rarely unlobed, not fleshy; lateral lobes oblong or ovate, 2-10 × 1-5 mm, entire; terminal lobe considerably larger than lateral ones, 1.5-5 × 1-2.5 cm. Cauline leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid, with 1-4 lateral lobes, rarely coarsely toothed, sessile, conspicuously auriculate; auricles ovate or narrowly oblong, to 8 × 5 mm, ciliate, entire; lateral lobes oblong or ovate, rarely lanceolate, to 2 × 1 cm, glabrous, entire; terminal lobe much larger than lateral ones, to 5 × 3 cm, entire, repand, or rarely dentate. Racemes ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Sepals yellow, oblong, 2.5-3.5 × 1-1.5 mm, erect, margin scarious, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals yellow or pale yellow, oblanceolate, rounded, (3-)4-5(-6) × 1.5-2 mm, attenuate to base. Filaments yellow, 3-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fruiting pedicels erect or ascending, (2-)3-6(-7) mm, terete or subquadrangular, glabrous, stout, slightly narrower than fruit. Fruit linear, (1.5-) 2-4(-5) cm × 1.2-1.5 mm, terete-subquadrangular, torulose, erect to erect-ascending; gynophore to 0.3 mm; valves apex obtuse to subacute; style stout, 0.5-1(-1.2) mm. Seeds brown, ovate or oblong, 1.2-1.5 × 0.9-1 mm, uniseriate, somewhat plump, wingless. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 16. (Flora of China)
