落花生 Arachis hypogaea

by Jun

  • Scientific Name: Arachis hypogaea L.
  • Ref: Sp. Pl.:741. 1753
  • Synonyms:
    • Arachidna hypogaea (L.) Moench
    • Arachis africana Lour.
    • A. americana Ten.
    • A. asiatica Lour.
    • A. guaraniana Bertoni
    • A. hypogaea var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W.C.Greg.
    • A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata Waldron
    • A. hypogaea subsp. nambyquarae (Hoehne) A.Chev.
    • A. hypogaea var. nambyquarae (Hoehne) Burkart
    • A. hypogaea f. nambyquarae (Hoehne) F.J.Herm.
    • A. hypogaea var. peruviana Krapov. & W.C.Greg.
    • A. hypogaea subsp. procumbens Waldron
    • A. nambyquarae Hoehne
    • A. oleifera A.Chev.
    • A. rasteiro A.Chev.
  • English Common Name: peanut, groundnut, goober, monkey nut
  • Chinese Common Name: 花生 huāshēng, 落花生 luòhuāshēng, 土豆 [闽南]thôo-tāu
  • Japanese Common Name: ラッカセイ [落花生] rakkasei, ナンキンマメ [南京豆] nankinmame
  • Family: Fabaceae
  • Genus: Arachis
  • Distribution: Grown in sandy warm areas. Cultivated in Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to tropical South America].
  • Note: Japanese common name nankin-mame means beans from Nanjing, but nankin here just commonly means the species is introduced from overseas, not directly related to Nanjing, Jiangsu.
Herbs, annual, erect to decumbent. Stems erect or procum­bent, (6-)30-80 cm tall, yellowish pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules 2-4 cm, pilose. Leaves usually 4-foliolate; petiole 3.7-10 cm, covered with long flexuous trichomes, basally adnate to stipule; petiolules 1-10 mm, velutinous; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to obovate, 1.1-5.9 × 0.5-3.4 cm, papery, both surfaces with long trichomes, veins ca. 10 on each side of midvein, base almost rounded, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or emarginate and mucronate. Bracts lanceolate, apex acuminate. Flowers 8-10 mm, sessile; bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, velutinous. Calyx tube 4-6 mm, thin. Corolla yellow to golden yellow; standard spreading, apex emarginate; wings distinct, oblong to obliquely ovate, slender; keels distinct, long ovate, shorter than wings, inflexed, apex acuminate to beaked. Ovary oblong; style longer than calyx; stigma terminal, small, sparsely pubescent. Legume geocarpic, oblong, inflated, 2-5 × 1-1.3 cm, thick-walled, retic­ulate veined, with 1-4(-6) seeds. Seeds light brown, oblong, 5-10 mm in diam. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 4n = 40. (Flora of China)
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