• Scientific Name: Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Widder) Greuter
• Ref: Willdenowia 33(2): 249. 2003
• English Common Name: common cocklebur, rough cocklebur
• Chinese Common Name: 苍耳 cāng’ěr
• Japanese Common Name: オナモミ [葈耳] onamomi
• Family: Asteraceae
• Genus: Xanthium
• Distribution: Damp or seasonally wet often alkaline soils, wastelands, margins of agriculture, common weed. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [a pantropical weed, known to be widely distributed in both Old and New Worlds, but most probably originating in the New World].

Herbs, annual, 20-120 cm; nodal spines absent. Petiole 3.5-10 cm, not winged; median cauline leaves ovate-deltate, 9-25 cm, papery, densely scabrid on both surfaces, base shallowly cordate to broadly cuneate, margin irregularly dentate, often obsoletely 3-lobed, apex acute. Capitula monoecious. Male capitula in terminal umbels; phyllaries 1-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2.2 mm; outer paleae oblong-lanceolate, inner paleae lanceolate, ca. 2.2 mm; corolla white, tubular, ca. 2.5 mm, 5-dentate. Female capitula axillary; phyllaries 1-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, inner bracts connate with outer paleae. Burs sessile, oblong, ellipsoid, or ovoid, 10-18 × 6-12 mm, densely puberulent, 2-beaked. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 36. (Flora of China)